Asana, Pranayama, Mudra and Bandha.: 1

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The Buddha preached his first sermon after his Enlightenment in Deer Park in Sarnath. The dharmachakra Pravartana or "turning of the wheel" [10] mudrā represents that moment. In general, only Gautama Buddha is shown making this mudrā except Maitreya as the dispenser of the Law. Dharmachakra mudrā is two hands close together in front of the chest in vitarka with the right palm forward and the left palm upwards, sometimes facing the chest. The Bodhyangi mudrā, the "mudrā of the six elements," or the "fist of wisdom," [9] is a gesture entailing the left-hand index finger being grasped with the right hand. It is commonly seen on statues of the Vairocana Buddha. He visits India regularly to continue his study of Yoga, to attend programmes and to practice ‘ seva’ (service). Hindu and Buddhist iconography share some mudras. In some regions, for example in Laos and Thailand, these are distinct but share related iconographic conventions. This article is about the use of mudra in Indic religion. For other uses, see Mudra (disambiguation). A 10th century Chola dynasty bronze sculpture of the Hindu god Nataraja ( Shiva) posing various mudras Indian Buddha Shakyamuni statue making the bhūmisparśa or "earth witness" mudra, c. 850 12th-century Japanese scroll showing different mudra gestures

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https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Mudras_of_Yoga/NacaAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=chin+mudra&printsec=frontcover Acharya Keshav Dev: Healing Hands (Science of Yoga Mudras). Acharya Shri Enterprises, 2008. ISBN 9788187949121. The mida no jōin (弥陀定印) is the Japanese name of a variation of the dhyāna mudra, where the index fingers are brought together with the thumbs. This was predominantly used in Japan in an effort to distinguish Amitābha (hence "mida" from Amida) from the Vairocana Buddha, [11] and was rarely used elsewhere.Taisen Miyata: A study of the ritual mudras in the Shingon tradition: A phenomenological study on the eighteen ways of esoteric recitation in the Koyasan tradition. Publisher s.n. Toki, Hôryû; Kawamura, Seiichi, tr. (1899). "Si-do-in-dzou; gestes de l'officiant dans les cérémonies mystiques des sectes Tendaï et Singon", Paris, E. Leroux. A Buddha image can have one of several common mudras, combined with different asanas. The main mudras used represent specific moments in the life of the Buddha, and are shorthand depictions of these. There are several variants such as in the Ajanta Caves frescoes, where the two hands are separated and the fingers do not touch. In the Indo-Greek style of Gandhara, the clenched fist of the right hand seemingly overlies the fingers joined to the thumb on the left hand. In pictorials of Hōryū-ji in Japan the right hand is superimposed on the left. Certain figures of Amitābha are seen using this mudra before the 9th century in Japan.

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Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System. "JAANUS / mida-no-jouin 弥陀定印". Retrieved 2 July 2016. Mudra is used in the iconography of Hindu and Buddhist art of the Indian subcontinent and described in the scriptures, such as Nātyaśāstra, which lists 24 asaṁyuta ("separated", meaning "one-hand") and 13 saṁyuta ("joined", meaning "two-hand") mudras. Mudra positions are usually formed by both the hand and the fingers. Along with āsanas ("seated postures"), they are employed statically in the meditation and dynamically in the Nāṭya practice of Hinduism. Kongtrul, Jamgön (author); (English translators: Guarisco, Elio; McLeod, Ingrid) (2005). The Treasury of Knowledge (shes bya kun la khyab pa’i mdzod). Book Six, Part Four: Systems of Buddhist Tantra, The Indestructibe Way of Secret Mantra. Bolder, Colorado, USA: Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 1-55939-210-X (alk.paper) p.493 Barba, Eugenio; Savarese, Nicola (1991). A dictionary of theatre anthropology: the secret art of the performer. London, United Kingdom: Routledge. p.136. ISBN 0-415-05308-0.a b Saraswati, Satyananda (1997). Asana Pranayama Mudrā Bandha. Munger, Bihar India: Bihar Yoga Bharti. p.422. ISBN 81-86336-04-4. Volume Two is designed to stimulate those who work or interact with children to be creative in their use of yoga practices, empowering children to become creative, emotionally stable citizens of the future. The first two sections look at the real goal of education, which begins before a child is born, and yoga in special needs education. The third section presents two highly successful experiments in youth empowerment in India: Bal Yoga Mitra Mandal in Munger and the kanya and batuk project in Rikhiapeeth. The fourth section includes a detailed presentation of asana and pranayama techniques and their use in a wide variety of contexts with children of all ages: games, art sessions, yoga nidra and other meditations, to stimulate interest and imagination, facilitate easier learning and, most of all, introduce fun into the whole process of yoga for children. Shearer, Alistair (2020). The Story of Yoga: From Ancient India to the Modern West. London: Hurst Publishers. p.19. ISBN 978-1-78738-192-6. This book discusses in detail the full practice of Surya Namaskara, including the surya and bija mantras, points of concentration and extended guidelines to aid both practitioners and teachers. An in-depth physiological study of Surya Namaskara supports its present day use as a powerful therapeutic practice. Saunders, Ernest Dale (1985). Mudra: A Study of Symbolic Gestures in Japanese Buddhist Sculpture. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01866-9.

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According to Jamgön Kongtrül in his commentary on the Hevajra Tantra, the ornaments of wrathful deities and witches made of human bones (Skt: aṣṭhimudrā; Wylie: rus pa'i rgyan phyag rgya) are also known as mudra "seals". [3] Etymology and nomenclature [ edit ] This is a course for Yoga teachers & student teachers who are seeking to develop an in depth and systematic approach to the practice and teaching of meditation, through daily sadhana (practice), personal development and reflection. The Vajra mudrā "thunder gesture" is the gesture of knowledge. [12] An example of the application of the Vajra mudrā is the seventh technique (out of nine) of the Nine Syllable Seals. Mallinson, James; Singleton, Mark (2017). Roots of Yoga. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-241-25304-5. OCLC 928480104. This is the most comprehensive text ever published on yoga. It contains a complete course of 36 structured lessons on all the practices of integral yoga. The lessons were compiled from the teachings given by Swami Satyananda and are useful as a practical and theoretical guide to all levels of yoga teachers and aspirants. The book presents a synthesis of yoga in a scientific and systematic manner. The different branches of hatha yoga, raja yoga, mantra yoga, karma yoga, bhakti yoga, jnana yoga and kriya yoga are progressively introduced with special emphasis on practice, theory and application in day to day life.In hatha yoga, mudras are used in conjunction with pranayama (yogic breathing exercises), generally while in a seated posture, to stimulate different parts of the body involved with breathing and to affect the flow of prana. It is also associated with bindu, bodhicitta, amrita, or consciousness in the body. Unlike older tantric mudras, hatha yogic mudras are generally internal actions, involving the pelvic floor, diaphragm, throat, eyes, tongue, anus, genitals, abdomen, and other parts of the body. Examples of this diversity of mudras are Mula Bandha, Mahamudra, Viparita Karani, Khecarī mudrā, and Vajroli mudra. These expanded in number from 3 in the Amritasiddhi, to 25 in the Gheranda Samhita, with a classical set of ten arising in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika. The classical sources for the yogic seals are the Gheranda Samhita and the Hatha Yoga Pradipika. [19] The Hatha Yoga Pradipika states the importance of mudras in yoga practice: "Therefore the [ Kundalini] goddess sleeping at the entrance of Brahma's door [at the base of the spine] should be constantly aroused with all effort, by performing mudra thoroughly." In the 20th and 21st centuries, the yoga teacher Satyananda Saraswati, founder of the Bihar School of Yoga, continued to emphasize the importance of mudras in his instructional text Asana, Pranayama, Mudrā, Bandha. [19] Hand Gestures [ edit ] Johnson, Nathan J. (2000). Barefoot Zen: The Shaolin Roots of Kung Fu and Karate. York Beach, USA: Weiser. ISBN 1-57863-142-4. Gauri Devi: Esoteric Mudras of Japan. International. Academy of Indian Culture & Aditya Prakashan, 1999. ISBN 9788186471562.

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Shaw, Miranda Eberle (2006). Buddhist Goddesses of India. Princeton University Press. pp. 17–27. ISBN 978-0-691-12758-3. There are numerous hand gesture mudras in yoga. Each of the hand gestures is based on the concept of the five elements as they relate to one's fingers.written; Beer, illustrated by Robert (2003). The handbook of tibetan buddhist symbols (1sted.). Chicago (Ill.): Serindia. p.228. ISBN 978-1932476033. Brahmananda lives London, teaching Yoga & Meditation in many different environments; until recently he was a director and course coordinator for Satyananda Yoga Academy Europe.